Εν Τούτω - Podcasting

12 Βυζαντινοί Αυτοκράτορες
Ιστορία της Βυζαντινής Αυτοκρατορίας

Θα φανταζόσασταν ποτέ ότι η βυζαντινή ιστορία σπάει "ποντίκια" στο διαδίκτυο;
Και όμως ο Lars Brownworth, καθηγητής Ιστορίας σε σχολείο της Νέας Υόρκης, επιμελήθηκε μια σειρά μαθημάτων βυζαντινής ιστορίας, την οποία "ανέβασε" σε μορφή podcasts.
Σήμερα, θεωρείται ένα από τα πιο διάσημα podcasts στο διαδίκτυο, ώστε να ασχολούνται μαζί του οι ΝΥΤ.
Πιο αναλυτικά, παρουσιάζονται 12 Βυζαντινοί Αυτοκράτορες σε χρονολογική σειρά από τον Διοκλητιανό μέχρι τον Κωνσταντίνο τον ΧΙ.

Παραθέτω τη λίστα με τα μαθήματα:

1 - Introduction (12.8 Meg MP3 13:55)
What is the Byzantine Empire? Why would a Byzantine citizen call himself Roman and not know what the Byzantine Empire was? In this introduction to Byzantine history, Lars Brownworth describes where Byzantium came from and why defining Byzantium is a murky and difficult task.

2 - Diocletian (17.9 Meg MP3 19:34)
The Emperor Diocletian was to erase civil war within Byzantium for the next thousand years but walked away from it all to become a cabbage farmer. Who was this military man and how could he just give it all up? Join Lars Brownworth as the story of Byzantium's first great emperor unfolds.

3 - Constantine - Part 1 (15.4 Meg MP3 16:52)
From the chaotic background of the tetrarchy, a vulnerable staff officer would navigate the treacherous waters of the empire and eventually emerge as Emperor. How could such an unlikely man unify the empire under one ruler? In this lecture, Lars Brownworth explores the rise to power of one of Western History's most pivotal figures: Constantine.

Additional Commentary
1 - Constantine (744K MP3 0:46) The Conversion of Constantine
2 - Constantine (808K MP3 0:50) Constantine's Popularity
3 - Valens (496K MP3 0:31) Being a Co-Emperor

4 - Constantine - Part 2 (16.1 Meg MP3 17:33)
Constantine has achieved supreme power and made one of the most momentous decisions in history, that of founding a new capital and rescuing a faith seemingly on the brink of schism. However, his megalomania undid most of his work unifying the church and threatened the very stability of the state. Does such a man truly deserve to be called great? Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at the apogee of Constantine's career and his impact on history.

Additional Commentary
1 - Creeds (1.7 Meg MP3 1:46) The Council of Nicea
2 - Financing (984K MP3 1:00) The Cost of Building
3 - Serpent Column (876K MP3 0:55) The Hippodrome

5 - Julian (15.8 Meg MP3 17:14)
A shy, awkward, Pagan philosopher with no ambitions and no experience is appointed Caesar. How could such an unlikely 23 year old become the head of a Christian empire? Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at Julian, the last of Constantine's dynasty.

Additional Commentary
1 - Julian is Crowned (592K MP3 0:37) The crowning of Julian
2 - Paganism (692K MP3 0:43) Paganism
3 - Paul the Stammerer (608K MP3 0:38) Excommunication of Paul the Stammerer
4 - Julian the Author (472K MP3 0:29) Books by Julian have been lost.
5 - Crowned in Utero (344K MP3 0:21) King Shapour is Crowned
6 - Julian's Death (448K MP3 0:28) Who killed Julian?
7 - Jovian (428K MP3 0:26) Julian's Sucessor

6 - Zeno (19 Meg MP3 19:57)
By the middle of the 5th Century the Roman Empire was on the verge of collapse. Its emperors were mere puppets, its armies were in chaos, and enemies were closing in on all sides. Unable to sustain itself, the West collapsed, plunging Europe into the Dark Ages. By all accounts, the East should have followed suit, and yet, unexpectedly, the Eastern emperor slipped free of his barbarian master and saved the tottering state. Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at Zeno, the unlikely savior of the Byzantine Empire.

Additional Commentary
1 - Carthage (1.1M MP3 1:07) Carthage and Rome
2 - Church and State (872K MP3 0:55) Power and the Popes
3 - Books (400K MP3 0:24) Lost Treasures
4 - Political Pope (852K MP3 0:54) Pope Leo
5 - Last Emperor (464K MP3 0:28) Last Emperor of Rome

7 - Justinian - Part 1 (16.2 Meg MP3 17:44)
As the 6th Century dawned on the tottering Byzantine State, the future seemed to hold only decline and decay, and yet unexpectedly, it was to see a renaissance unmatched in the long history of the empire. On every front, it seemed, were gathered the towering giants of the age- poised and ready to take the empire to ever greater and more dizzying heights. All that was needed was a ruler with enough vision to unite and drive this vast collection of the best and the brightest- a ruler who could dream on a truly imperial scale. He came, surprisingly enough, from the ranks of the great, unwashed masses- risen from poverty to fire the empire with the force of his will. Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at the stunning rise of Justinian- from shadow ruler to emperor in his own right.

8 - Justinian - Part 2 (23.1 Meg MP3 25:11)
With the return of relative calm after the reign's turbulent beginnings, Justinian could turn to his most ambitious project, the reconquest of the Western Empire. For this, his most cherished goal, he looked to one man, the young, promising general, Belisarius. Justinian was rewarded with unswerving loyalty and unquestioned brilliance, and yet the road to reconquest was to be a difficult and tragic one for both men. Join Lars Brownworth as the story of Justinian's reconquest of Africa and Italy unfolds.

9 - Justinian - Part 3 (23.1 Meg MP3 25:16)
With the reconquest of Italy seemingly complete and the Persian threat momentarily neutralized by the plague, Justinian could at last afford to rest. But the empire's enemies were everywhere- the plague abated and a charismatic new Gothic king arose in Italy. The empire could ill afford to keep its greatest general in disgrace, and Justinian would once again turn to the man he could never quite bring himself to trust. The final decade of his life would see the fruition of his epic dreams of reconquest, as well as the restoration of the building that still stands as the greatest testament to his reign. It would be the final act of a cast of characters the likes of whom the empire would never see again. Join Lars Brownworth for the conclusion of the reign of Justinian, the last of the Roman Emperors.

10 - Heraclius (23.8 Meg MP3 25:59)
In the years following Justinian's death, the empire was rocked from within and without. Barbarians pushed in on every border and the empire's ancient enemy Persia ravaged the East unchecked. The empire met this challenge with a series of weak and foolish rulers who squandered what resources they had, and crumbled before the Persian onslaught. By the start of the 7th Century, the emperor was a virtual prisoner in his own palace, the Persians were beneath the walls of Constantinople, and the rest of the empire was in the hands of rebels. It looked as if the end had come at last, and yet, against all odds, an Armenian general was to defeat the Persians, sweep away the old Latin traditions and reform the empire on a Greek model. Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at Heraclius, whose reign saw this glittering triumph yet ended in such tragedy.

11 - Irene (22 Meg MP3 23:29)
When the weak, ineffectual emperor Leo IV died in 780, he left the empire divided and in the hands of an orphan from Athens; the beautiful and grasping Empress Irene. 17 years later she was crowned as sole ruler after murdering her own son to take his place. It was hardly an auspicious start, beset by enemies on every border, the empire was now facing its most serious internal threat; the terrible iconoclastic controversy. Successive emperors had neglected the frontiers to concentrate on the war against icons, and in the process had not only weakened the state, but had destroyed some of the finest works of art the Byzantine world ever produced. Even worse, an emperor had at last returned to the long vacant throne of the West, to challenge Byzantium's claim of universal temporal domination. If ever the empire had needed strong leadership, it was now. Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at the reign of Irene; the only woman to rule the empire, not as Queen or Regent, but as a King.

Additional Commentary
1 - Why Irene? (1.1M MP3 1:10) Why study Irene?

12 - Basil I (21 Meg MP3 22:32)
Basil I was hardly a promising candidate to usher in a new golden age to the Byzantine Empire. A poor, illiterate Armenian peasant, he was kidnapped by raiding Bulgarians as a boy, and only managed to escape in his mid twenties. Renowned for his great strength and skill with horses, he found work as a stable hand and grew into a violent, ambitious man, whose thirst for power led him to commit two of the foulest murders that even Byzantine history has to offer. And yet, against the odds, his reign was the most successful of the century, and the Macedonian dynasty that he would found, would bring the empire to the height of its power and prestige. Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at the reign of the emperor Basil the Macedonian.

Additional Commentary
1 - Cyrillic (436K MP3 0:27) The Origins of Cyrillic.

13 - Basil II (29 Meg MP3 31:19)
By the time Basil II was crowned at age two, the Macedonian Dynasty had led the Byzantine Empire to seemingly endless military victories and unprecedented heights of glory. However it was not the emperors who had accomplished so much, but their powerful generals. In fact Basil's dynasty seemed to be in danger of becoming purely ceremonial or disappearing completely. The young emperor, dominated completely by his regents, seemed unlikely to change things. There was no trace of the heroic about him, no charisma or sparkling personality, and yet he was to emerge as the greatest emperor of his dynasty- bending the army, the empire, and foreign princes alike to the force of his will. Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at the reign of Basil II, the last great conqueror Byzantium ever produced.

14 - Alexius (30 Meg MP3 31:42)
When the 24 year old Alexius Comnenus came to the throne, the glories of the Empire seemed long gone. Its "invincible" army had been smashed at the battle of Manzikert, the frontiers were collapsing, and enemies on every side threatened to overwhelm what was left. It would take an extraordinary ruler to salvage something from the wreckage much less restore Byzantine prestige. Join Lars Brownworth as he takes a look at Alexius Comnenus, the man who did just that, even as the First Crusade erupted around him.

15 - Isaac (30.1 Meg MP3 32:51)
Isaac Angelus was never meant for the throne. He should have lived out his life in comfortable obscurity, but instead found imperial power thrust upon him as Alexius I's brilliant dynasty came to a bloody and decadent conclusion. Unfortunately he and his son were to prove completely unfit for the office, inviting one of the greatest calamities in history down upon their heads, fatally weakening the empire. Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at the reign of Isaac Angelus as it inexorably descended into the tragedy of the Fourth Crusade.

16 - Constantine XI (34.1 Meg MP3 37:12)
The 14th century was not a kind one for Byzantium. The Fourth Crusade had left it a hollow shell of itself, fatally crippled in the face of Turkish aggression. A series of forgettable rulers did what they could, but by the middle of the next century all hope was lost. Surrounded on all sides by the hostile Turks, the once vast empire had shrunk to little more than the city of Constantinople itself. Led by the indomitable Constantine XI, the Byzantines faced certain destruction and fearsome new weapons of war with dignity and courage, determined to go down fighting with heads held high. Join Lars Brownworth as he talks about the last of the Byzantine Emperors, Constantine XI whose heroic final defense of the city earned him recognition as the first Greek National Martyr.

Additional Commentary
1 - Manuel II (1.7M MP3 1:52) Faith and Reason
2 - Vlad Tepesh (1.4M MP3 1:31) aka. Vlad the Impaler

17 - Conclusion (13.2 Meg MP3 14:25)
With the death of Constantine XI, the Byzantine Empire drew to a close. But that was not the end of the story. From the Orthodox Church, to the Russian Empire, their spirit survived, and offers enduring lessons for the modern world. Join Lars Brownworth as he looks at their immense legacy, and reflects on why Byzantine History matters.

URL: http://www.anders.com/lectures/lars_brownworth/12_byzantine_rulers/

Προσβάσιμα είναι και από τη διεύθυνση
http://www.podcastalley.com/podcast_details.php?pod_id=5440

http://www.digg.com/podcasts/12_Byzantine_Rulers_The_History_of_The_Byzantine_Empire